| Abstract |
Global adoption of Bt cotton has increased dramatically from 0.8 million hectares in 1996 to about 8 million hectares in 2005. The government of India allowed growing of three genetically modified Bt cotton hybrids initially for three years from April 2002 to March 2005. Even though the performance of Bt cotton has been projected to
be satisfactory, anti-biotechnology activists have declared the technology a complete failure. Strong views both for and against Bt technology have surfaced. In view of these diverse views and considering the importance of cotton in Indian agriculture, this
study examines returns and other significant aspects of Bt cotton and non-Bt cotton cultivation in Maharashtra. Level of education, experience in cultivation of cotton, and irrigation were found to be important factors influencing adoption of Bt cotton. Farmers cultivated varieties of Bt cotton. While Bt cotton was resistant to boll worms and other pests, total cost of production and yield were higher for Bt cotton compared to non-Bt cotton in irrigated and unirrigated conditions. Net profit of Bt cotton in irrigated and unirrigated conditions was nearly 67 and 40 per cent higher compared to non-Bt cotton. Information about Bt cotton was provided by fellow farmers followed by seed companies/dealers/village leaders, etc. Government extension agencies did not play any role in promoting Bt cotton. Major advantages of Bt cotton perceived by
farmers included less use of pesticides, higher crop yield and profits, better quality, and suitability for early sowing. Important suggestions made by farmers for promoting Bt technology include reduction in cost of Bt cotton seed, demonstrations on farmers' fields, and assurance of quality seed. |